MATERIAL and METHODS: 42 titanium cranioplasty cases performed in our clinic between January 1, 2019 and January 1, 2024 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic data, intraoperative and postoperative parameters, and complications were analyzed. The titanium implant for cranioplasty was fabricated with a three-dimensional (3D) printer using selective laser melting technology. IBM SPSS v.25 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS: The operation time (103.8±22.2 vs. 81±18.9, p=0.002), amount of blood loss (210.6±25.1 vs. 169.4±73.1, p=0.041) and cranial defect area (57.4±13.4 vs. 41.2±12.3, p=0.001) were found to be significantly higher in the patient group with complications compared to the group without complications. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) as the primary pathology was also more common in patients with complications (p=0.004).

CONCLUSION: This study evaluates complications, associated factors, and surgical efficacy in cranioplasty surgery using 3D-printed titanium plates. The findings indicate that operation time, blood loss, and defect size are significant contributors to the development of complications. The study found that patients with TBI were more prone to complications. While titanium implants are biocompatible and durable, they are associated with various complications. Advanced 3D printing technologies enhance surgical outcomes. Although further studies are necessary to assess the long-term efficacy of cranioplasty surgeries with titanium plates, these titanium implants are promising but require patient selection, improved surgical techniques, and critical postoperative follow-up. Anahtar Kelimeler : 3D printer, Complication, Cranioplasty, Titanium implant